End-to-End Encryption

Executive Summary

Not using end-to-end encrypted apps exposes private data to hackers. This vulnerability can lead to anything from theft of personal information to fraud. Implementing end-to-end encryption (E2EE) reduces this risk. Using encrypted messaging applications ensures that only the intended recipient can access the content of messages and calls.

Background

End-to-end encryption (E2EE) helps keep digital communications private. It is a type of encryption in which data is encrypted at the sender’s device and being decrypted at the receiver’s device [4]. Data is deciphered with a key that only the end devices hold. If the data is intercepted, it is not readable. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) warns that unencrypted messaging platforms leave users vulnerable to surveillance and cyberattacks, making E2EE a critical security measure [2]. Encryption makes sure that only the sender and receiver can read messages, protecting private conversations.

Messaging apps like Signal and WhatsApp use end-to-end encryption by default. These apps encrypt messages and calls, preventing service providers or hackers from intercepting content [5]. The FBI recommends the use of these services to stay safe and secure. In the event of a breach, messaging services that utilize E2EE reduce the risk of disclosure by enhancing confidentiality.

Impact

Failure to use encrypted communication tools can result in privacy violations, identity theft, and financial fraud. If hackers can intercept messages, they can use that stolen information to enhance other attacks such as social engineering. Using unencrypted messaging services increases the risk of data breaches and surveillance. E2EE reduces users’ attack surface.

Mitigation

Enterprise and individual users depend on this technology to protect documents from malicious actors. E2EE can protect data when the transmission, data center, or server is compromised [1]. It helps maintain data integrity and protects the data from tampering. Enterprises can meet regulatory standards by implementing E2EE. Enabling encrypted communication is a crucial step toward maintaining privacy and cybersecurity.

Relevance

Secure messaging apps provide a simple yet effective way to prevent unauthorized access to sensitive conversations. The general public seeks to protect its civil liberties and right to privacy [3]. User bases of WhatsApp and Signal grew notably. WhatsApp’s user base grew by 12% in 2022 and Signal had 40 million active users. The latter experienced an additional increase in users in Ukraine after the Russian invasion, presumably to prevent interception in the midst of warfare. By using encrypted communication tools, individuals can prevent political surveillance and potential cyber threats significantly.

References

[1] Battat, R. (2024, August 30). End-to-End Encryption: What it is & How it Works. Preveil. https://www.preveil.com/blog/end-to-end-encryption/#h-what-are-the-benefits-of-e2ee

[2] Chappell, B. (2024, December 17). FBI Warns Americans to Keep Their Text Messages Secure. National Public Radio. https://www.npr.org/2024/12/17/nx-s1-5223490/text-messaging-security-fbi-chinese-hackers-security-encryption

[3] Granick, J. & Gillmor, D. (2023, October 20). The Vital Role of End-to-End Encryption. ACLU. https://www.aclu.org/news/privacy-technology/the-vital-role-of-end-to-end-encryption

[4] IBM. (2021, September 22). What is end-to-end encryption (E2EE). IBM. https://www.ibm.com/think/topics/end-to-end-encryption

[5] Sheffield, T. (2024, December 7). FBI Advises Use of Encrypted Communication Apps for Enhanced Security. People. https://people.com/how-to-encrypt-calls-texts-with-apps-after-china-data-hack-8757508