Resources of interest related to Pākaʻa Lanakila!
The foundational repositories and community education resources below are shared as a starting point to further research on topics inspired by Pākaʻa Lanakila! and Hawaiian language and culture. This listing is limited in scope and time, and is by no means an exhaustive listing.
Foundational Repositories:
- Hawaiian Electronic Library – https://www.ulukau.org
- Hawaiian Dictionaries – https://www.wehewehe.org
- Historical Hawaiian Knowledge – https://awaiaulu.org/resources
- Hawaiian Database of Important Native Hawaiian Historical, Cultural and Genealogical Records – https://www.papakilodatabase.com
Community Education Resources:
- Kumukahi: Living Hawaiian Culture Community Resources – https://kumukahi.org/
- Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, based on Pukui & Elbert 1986, Andrews 1865, Māmaka Kaiao 2003, Pukui, Elbert and Mookini 1974, et al., online edition: 2011 – https://www.trussel2.com/haw
- Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs – https://aohcc.org/
- Ka Leo Hawaiʻi, Hawaiian Language Radio Show Recordings (from 1972) – https://soundcloud.com/kaleohawaii
- Kaʻiwakīkoumoku: Mele: Songs and Stories – https://kaiwakiloumoku.ksbe.edu/mele
- Essay on Mele, Backbone of the Lāhui by Kihei de Silva – Iwikuamo‘o o ka Lāhui: Nā Mana‘o Aloha ‘Āina i nā Mele Nahenahe o ka Lāhui Hawai‘i
- Hawaiian (Night) Skies – https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories?category=Hawaiian%20Skies
- Nupepa-Hawaiʻi Blog – https://nupepa-hawaii.com/
- History of Maunalua, Mauka to Makai – https://maunalua.net/index.html
- Wehewehe Wikiwiki Online Dictionaries, UH Hilo (Numbers) – https://wehe.hilo.hawaii.edu/numbers.php
- Resources from Ka Papa ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi – https://www.kapapaolelohawaii.com/n257-kumuwaiwai-699274-a699e.html
For tools and topics of interest related to Pākaʻa Lanakila! and organized by subject, please visit the expanded Pākaʻa Project website at https://westoahu.hawaii.edu/music/pakaa-kumu-waiwai/.
Science
Curiosity Questions:
- What makes the wind blow? – “What Causes Wind” from KidWind
- How do sound vibrations travel to my ears? – “TED-Ed” video
- How do my ears hear? – “Your Brain on Music” (Kennedy Center)
- How does wind direction affect what we hear around us? – “Wind Influence On Noise”
Social Studies
Curiosity Questions:
- Where does Pākaʻa fit into the social structure of his time?
- Pākaʻa, like his father, Kūanuʻuanu, was the iwikuamoʻo or ʻbackboneʻ retainer of Keawenuiaʻumi, the ruling chief of Hawaiʻi. He served as the highly trusted advisor, treasurer, and navigator to Keawenuiaʻumi, the high chief of Hawaiʻi Island:
- Which Aliʻi in the Hawaiian Kingdom learned western music styles and combined it with traditional haku mele (poetry composition)?
- Who were Nā Lani ʻEhā?
- How do modern Hawaiian musicians use music to tell stories, connect to their past and build their future?
- When did western opera come to Hawai’i?
- 1863, Ke Au Okoʻa – Article about the aha mele (concert) of opera singing with piano of Giuseppe Verdi’s opera, Lucia di Lammemoor (ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi)
- 1866, Ke Au Okoʻa – a recital announcement, with high praise for the visiting prima donna Anna Bishop. (ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi)
- 1873, Nuhou – Hotel Promenade Concert program listing, including works by Berger, Meyerbeer, Offenbach, Samuel, Strauss, Verdi (ʻōlelo Pelekānia)
- 1896, Ka Nupepa Kuʻokoʻa – Grand opening concert of the new Opera House (ka hale opera hou)
- Opera and Operetta in Nineteenth-Century Hawai’i – Article by Dale Hall
Technology
Curiosity Questions:
- How do sails and kites work? – https://living.halekulani.com/hawaiian-kites/
- How does sound work? – https://www.generationgenius.com/blog/learn-different-types-of-waves-for-kids/
- How can I make traditional Hawaiian percussion/hula implements?
- Huapala (dimensions and making notes for pūʻili, ʻiliʻili, kāʻekeʻeke with Nona Beamer’s tunings, kālaʻau, and the ʻūkēkē/nīʻau kani family) – https://www.huapala.org/Hula_Instruments.html
- Kaʻiwakīloumoku – Pahu hula: A resounding legacy – https://www.ksbe.edu/article/pahu-hula-a-resounding-legacy
- Kumukahi (about hula protocols) – https://kumukahi.org/units/ke-ao-akua/mana/hula
- Kanaeokana – https://kanaeokana.net/
- Hula Preservation Society (traditional Hawaiian percussion/hula implements) – https://digitalumeke.hulapreservation.org/browse/topics/hula-implements
- Resource Units in Hawaiian Culture – Kamehameha Publishing (instruments incl. kāʻekeʻeke) – Chapt. 5_Chants, Musical Instruments, and the Hula
- What are waʻa and why are they important to Hawaiian voyaging?
- Polynesian Voyaging Society (Hōkūleʻa) – https://hokulea.com/voyaging-canoes/
- Nā Kālai Waʻa (Makaliʻi) – https://www.nakalaiwaa.org/
- Hui O Waʻa Kaulua – https://www.huiowaa.org/junior-voyaging
- Windward CC research guide: Polynesian Traditions of Migration – https://library.wcc.hawaii.edu/migration
- Resource Units in Hawaiian Culture – Kamehameha Publishing (Chapter 12 Unit 12: Transportation, with Special Reference to Canoes (Pages 161-178)
- Bishop Museum (lesson plans on waʻa innovation, wind, etc. Gr.6-8) – https://www.bishopmuseum.org/exhibits-and-programs/lesson-plans/
- How did the poʻe lawaiʻa (people who fish) fish in old Hawaiʻi?
- Resource Units in Hawaiian Culture – Kamehameha Publishing (Chapter 11 Unit 11: Fish and Fishing (Pages 148-159)
- Why was Pākaʻa’s uncle a bird catcher (kia manu) instead of a fisherman (poʻe lawaiʻa)?
- Kaiwakiloumoku: Hawaiian Featherwork: the Kia Manu https://kaiwakiloumoku.ksbe.edu/article/videos-hawaiian-featherwork-the-kia-manu
- Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project: Cultural Significance of Native Forestbirds – https://www.mauiforestbirds.org/cultural-significance/
Hawaiian Language Arts / English Language Arts
Curiosity Questions:
- How did Moses Kuaaea Nakuina learn the story of Pākaʻa so he could retell it?
- Who was Emma Nakuina?
- How and why did Hawaiian knowledge transmission shift from an ancient oral tradition to a predominantly written tradition in the 19th century?
- Hawaiian Oral Traditions – https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/
- Hawaiian Language Newspapers – https://www.amdigital.co.uk/insights/blog/hawaiian-language-newspapers
- Nūpepa preserve information on Hawaiian Worldview – https://kawaiola.news/moomeheu/moolelo/nupepa-preserve-information-hawaiian-worldview/
- Who else learned and wrote the story of Pākaʻa? What formats did the story appear in?
- See below (“Versions”)
- OR try the Papakilo Database (https://papakilodatabase.com/) to search the following terms:
- Pākaʻa
- Laʻamaomao
ʻŌlelo noʻeau
Curiosity Questions:
- What meaning do these ʻōlelo noʻeau carry in Pākaʻa Lanakila!?
- “Ke hōʻike aku nei ka lāʻau a ke kia manu”
- “He aho poko me ke kai papaʻu; he aho loa me ke kai hohonu”
- “He mau pepeiao kō ka iʻa”
- Can you find the above ʻōlelo noʻeau in this concordance, or a variation of them?
(also, see Chamber Music Hawaiʻi’s Pākaʻa Project Teacher Resource Guide short introduction to ʻŌlelo Noʻeau: https://www.chambermusichawaii.org/education/pakaa-lanakila/)
ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi Versions
Samuel M. Kamakau
He Moolelo no Pakaa (“The Story of Pākaʻa”)
Serialized in the Hawaiian-language newspaper Ke Au Okoʻa (1869–1871)
Moses Kuaaea Nakuina
Moolelo Hawaii o Pakaa a me Ku-a-Pakaa, na Kahu Iwikuamoo o Keawenuiaumi, ke Alii o Hawaii, a o na Moopuna hoi a Laamaomao
C. Advertiser Co, Honolulu, 1902
Joseph Hoʻonaʻauao Kānepuʻu
He Moolelo no Pakaa
Serialized in the Hawaiian-language newspapers Ke Au Okoa (1867) and Home Rula Republika (1902)
Solomona Kawailiʻulā Kuapuʻu (S.K. Kuapu’u)
He wahi moʻolelo
Serialized in the Hawaiian-language newspaper, Ka Hae Hawaii (1861)
English versions
Moʻokini, Esther and Sarah Nākoa, translators. The Wind Gourd of Laʻamaomao, by Moses Kuaaea Nākuina (1902) Kalamakū Press, 2005; CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016
Review of The Wind Gourd of Laʻamaomao, by A. Schweitzer – https://www2.hawaii.edu/~dennisk/texts/schweizerwindgourd.html
Fornander, Abraham. Fornander Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folk-Lore, Vol. 5 Part 1
Honolulu, Hawaii: Bishop Museum Press, 1918.
(Includes bilingual printing of “Story of Pakaa”, p. 72; “Legend of Kuapakaa”, pp. 78-136)
Rice, William Hyde. Hawaiian Legends. Bernice P. Bishop Museum Bulletin 3. Honolulu, Hawaii: The Museum (Bernice P. Bishop Museum), 1923.
(Focuses on Pākaʻa’s origins in Kapaʻa, Kauai.)
Wichman, Frederick B., great grandson of William Hyde Rice (above) authored a few anthologies under Bamboo Ridge Press and University of Hawaiʻi Press which include segments of the Laʻamaomao/Pākaʻa story:
- Polihale and Other Kauaʻi Legends (1990) – see chapter on “Pākaʻa” (pp. 160-167)
- Kauai: Ancient Place-Names and Their Stories (1998) – see geographical entry for “Kapaʻa” (pp. 84-85)
- More Kauaʻi Tales (1997) – see “The Sources of the Tales” on p. 139 for more information on the author’s process.
Math
Curiosity Questions:
- How can I count in ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi? – https://youtu.be/vsCZ9IRCqaM?si=8vZSNOu8CUONa5P9
- Why do Pākaʻa and the kānaka lawaiʻa use the word “kāuna” to count fish?
- Counting systems in ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi – https://pressbooks.oer.hawaii.edu/mathforelementaryteachers/chapter/number-systems/
Music
Curiosity Questions:
- What is chamber music? How is it different from band and orchestra music?
- Chamber music features a small group of musicians (usually 10 or less) with only one player per part and no conductor. Large ensemble music – like a band or orchestra – uses a big group with many musicians sharing the same musical parts and a conductor to lead them.
- Where can I listen to live band, orchestra and chamber music in Hawaiʻi?
- Orchestra:
- Hawaiʻi Symphony Orchestra – https://www.https://www.myhso.org/
- Hawaiʻi Youth Symphony – Hiyouthsymphony.org
- Maui Youth Philharmonic Orchestra – https://www.mauiyouthphilharmonic.org/
- Kamuela Philharmonic – https://kamuelaphil.org/
- Band:
- Royal Hawaiian Band – https://www.rhb-music.com/
- The Nāulu Winds of University of Hawaiʻi – West Oʻahu – https://westoahu.hawaii.edu/music/university-band/
- University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa Bands – https://manoa.hawaii.edu/music/about-us/ensembles/bands/
- Chamber Music
- Chamber Music Hawaiʻi – chambermusichawaii.org/
- Orchestra:
- How did the Royal Hawaiian Band get started?
- The Royal Hawaiian Band was created in 1836 by Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) as the “King’s Band”.
- How did the Hawaiʻi Symphony Orchestra get started?
- The Hawaiʻi Symphony Orchestra had humble beginnings in Honolulu as the Hawaiʻi Symphony Society in 1902. (See Honolulu Symphony: A Century of Music. By Dale E. Hall. Honolulu, HI: Goodale Publishing, 2002)
Henry Berger and the Royal Hawaiian Band
- Berger’s Manuscript Collection
- “Bandmaster Henry Berger and the Royal Hawaiian Band” by David Bandy: A foundational 32-page historical article featured in the Hawaiian Journal of History (Volume 24).
Words musicians use in orchestra and band
Curiosity Questions:
- Where do western music words come from?
- How do words from other languages get translated to ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi? *** hereʻs an interesting account of Loan Words in Hawaiian)
- Symphony ->
- ancient Greek word symphōnía – which literally translates to “agreement or concord of sound”. It is built from two root components:
- syn- meaning “together”
- phōnē meaning “voice” or “sound
- ancient Greek word symphōnía – which literally translates to “agreement or concord of sound”. It is built from two root components:
- Orchestra – >
- ancient Greek word orkheisthai, meaning “to dance”. It originally referred to the circular, flat area in front of a theater stage where the Greek chorus danced and sang
- Crescendo
- comes from the Italian word crescendo, meaning “increasing”. This Italian word is the gerund of crescere, which traces back to the Latin crēscere (meaning “to grow” or “to come into existence”).
- Forte
- from the Italian word forte, which literally translates to “strong” or “loud”, traces back to the Latin fortis (meaning “strong,” “powerful,” or “brave”)
- Piano
- from the Italian word piano (meaning soft, low, or quiet), and traces back to the Latin word planus, meaning “flat, smooth, or even”
- Melody
- from Old French melodie, derived from Latin melodia, derived from Ancient Greek μελῳδίᾱ (melōidíā, “singing, chanting”), which comes from two Greek words: μέλος (mélos, “musical phrase”) + ἀοιδή (aoidḗ, “song”), contracted form ᾠδή (ōidḗ).
- Harmony
- from the Old French word harmonie (originally spelled armonie), derived from the Latin harmonia, which derives from Ancient Greek harmonia (Greek philosophers like Heraclitus and the Pythagoreans used it to mean “agreement,” “proportional relationship,” and “unity”. It was used to describe anything from well-ordered government to musical tuning and mathematics)
- Rhythm
- from the Latin word rhythmus which derived from ancient Greek word rhythmos, meaning “measured flow or movement” or “symmetry”.
- Beat
- from the Old English verb beatan, which literally meant “to strike, hit, or knock.”
Resources:
- How to read music
Kumu Waiwai Kūkulu no Pākaʻa Lanakila!
He hoʻokahua wale iho nō ka papa kumu waiwai o lalo i hoʻomaka ma ka ʻimi loa ʻana i nā kumu ʻike ʻē aʻe i ʻupu maila ma muli o ka ʻike ʻana iā Pākaʻa Lanakila! a pēlā pū ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi a me ka moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi. ʻAʻole naʻe i pau loa nā kumu waiwai i ka helu ʻia i lalo.
Kumu Waiwai Hoʻokahua:
- Hawaiian Electronic Library – https://www.ulukau.org
- Hawaiian Dictionaries – https://www.wehewehe.org
- Historical Hawaiian Knowledge – https://awaiaulu.org/resources
- Hawaiian Database of Important Native Hawaiian Historical, Cultural and Genealogical Records – https://www.papakilodatabase.com
Kumu Waiwai Kaiaulu:
- Kumukahi: Living Hawaiian Culture Community Resources – https://kumukahi.org/
- Combined Hawaiian Dictionary, maiā Pukui & Elbert 1986, Andrews 1865, Māmaka Kaiao 2003, Pukui, Elbert and Mookini 1974, et al., online edition: 2011 – https://www.trussel2.com/haw
- Association of Hawaiian Civic Clubs – https://aohcc.org/
- Ka Leo Hawaiʻi, Lola Mānaleo (mai 1972) – https://soundcloud.com/kaleohawaii
- Kaʻiwakīkoumoku: Mele: Songs and Stories – https://kaiwakiloumoku.ksbe.edu/mele
- Essay on Mele, Backbone of the Lāhui by Kihei de Silva – Iwikuamo‘o o ka Lāhui: Nā Mana‘o Aloha ‘Āina i nā Mele Nahenahe o ka Lāhui Hawai‘i
- Hawaiian (Night) Skies – https://www.maunakeaobservatories.org/stories?category=Hawaiian%20Skies
- Nupepa-Hawaiʻi Blog – https://nupepa-hawaii.com/
- Ka Moʻolelo o Maunalua, ma uka a ma kai – https://maunalua.net/index.html
- Wehewehe Wikiwiki, UH Hilo (Helu Hawaiʻi) – https://wehe.hilo.hawaii.edu/numbers.php
- Nā Kumu Waiwai o Nā Papa ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi – https://www.kapapaolelohawaii.com/n257-kumuwaiwai-699274-a699e.html
No nā kumu waiwai ʻē aʻe e pili ana iā Pākaʻa Lanakila! a me ka hoʻokaʻina ʻia ma nā kumu, e kipa aku nō iā Pākaʻa Project ma: https://westoahu.hawaii.edu/music/pakaa-kumu-waiwai/.
ʻEpekema
Nīnau Hoihoi:
- He aha ke kumu o ka makani?
- Pehea e hiki mai ai ke kani a lohe aku koʻu pepeiao?
- Pehea e lohe ai koʻu pepeiao i ke kani?
- Pehea e kaʻamea ai ka makani a me nā kani e hali ʻia mai ana? (Inā mai kai mai paha ka makani a mai uku mai paha?)
Pili Kanaka
Nīnau Hoihoi:
- He aha ko Pākaʻa kūlana a he aha kona kuleana i ka lāhui i kona wā?
- ʻO Pākaʻa, e like me kona makua kāne ʻo Kūanuʻuanu, ka lawelawe iwi kuamoʻo o Keawenuiaʻumi, ke aliʻi nui o Hawaiʻi. Ua noho ʻo ia ʻo ia ke kahuna nui, ka puʻukū, a hoʻokele no Keawenuiaʻumi, ke aliʻi nui o Hawaiʻi. E nānā ma Ulukau.
- Which Aliʻi in the Hawaiian Kingdom learned western music styles and combined it with traditional haku mele (poetry composition)? ʻO wai nā aliʻi o ke aupuni Hawaiʻi i aʻo i ka ʻoihana mele o ka haole a laila, ʻānoni i ia ʻano mele o ka haole me nā hua ʻōlelo mele Hawaiʻi?
- ʻO wai nā lālā o Nā Lani ʻEhā?
- Pehea i hōʻike aku ai nā mea hīmeni a mea kani Hawaiʻi i nā moʻolelo ma o ke mele i mea e hoʻopili aku ai i ko ka wā ma mua me ko ka wā ma hope?
- Ināhea i hiki mai ai ka ʻōpela haole i Hawaiʻi?
- 1863, Ke Au Okoʻa – ʻAtikala no ka ʻaha mele hīmeni ʻōpela me ka piano o Giuseppe Verdi’s opera, Lucia di Lammemoor (ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi)
- 1866, Ke Au Okoʻa – he hoʻolaha hōʻike, me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana a Madame Anna Bishop.
- 1873, Nuhou – he hoʻolaha no ka ʻaha mele o ka Hōkele Promenade, me ke komo pū ʻana o nā mele a Berger, Meyerbeer, Offenbach, Samuel, Strauss, Verdi (ʻōlelo Pelekānia)
- 1896, Ka Nupepa Kuʻokoʻa – he wehena ʻaha mele no ka hale ʻōpela hou
- Opera and Operetta in Nineteenth-Century Hawai’i – ʻAtikala na Dale Hall
ʻEnehana
Nīnau Hoihoi:
- Pehea e lewa ai ka lupe a me ka peʻa holo waʻa? https://living.halekulani.com/hawaiian-kites/
- Pehea e kani ai?https://www.generationgenius.com/blog/learn-different-types-of-waves-for-kids/
- Pehea e hana ʻia ai nā mea kani?
- Huapala (nā wehewehena kaʻina hana no ka pūʻili, ʻiliʻili, kāʻekeʻeke me nā kī a Nona Beamer, kālaʻau, a me ka hui ʻūkēkē/nīʻau kani) – https://www.huapala.org/Hula_Instruments.html
- Kaʻiwakīloumoku – Pahu hula: A resounding legacy – https://www.ksbe.edu/article/pahu-hula-a-resounding-legacy
- Kumukahi (no nā loina hula) – https://kumukahi.org/units/ke-ao-akua/mana/hula
- Kanaeokana – https://kanaeokana.net/
- Hula Preservation Society (nā mea kani Hawaiʻi kahiko) – https://digitalumeke.hulapreservation.org/browse/topics/hula-implements
- Resource Units in Hawaiian Culture – Kamehameha Publishing (nā mea kani e laʻa ke kāʻekeʻeke) – Chapt. 5_Chants, Musical Instruments, and the Hula
- He aha ka waʻa a he aha kona waiwai no ka holo moana ʻana??
- Polynesian Voyaging Society (Hōkūleʻa) – https://hokulea.com/voyaging-canoes/
- Nā Kālai Waʻa (Makaliʻi) – https://www.nakalaiwaa.org/
- Hui O Waʻa Kaulua – https://www.huiowaa.org/junior-voyaging
- Windward CC research guide: Polynesian Traditions of Migration – https://library.wcc.hawaii.edu/migration
- Kumu Waiwai Moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi – Kamehameha Publishing (Chapter 12 Unit 12: Transportation, with Special Reference to Canoes (Pages 161-178)
- Bishop Museum (Haʻawina pili i ka ʻoihana waʻa, makani a pēlā aku. Papa 6-8) – https://www.bishopmuseum.org/exhibits-and-programs/lesson-plans/
- Pehea i lawaiʻa ai ka poʻe kahiko ma Hawaiʻi?
- Kumu Waiwai Moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi – Kamehameha Publishing (Chapter 11 Unit 11: Fish and Fishing (Pages 148-159)
- No ke aha i lilo ai ka makua kāne o Pākaʻa he kia manu ʻaʻole he lawaiʻa?
- Kaiwakiloumoku: Hawaiian Featherwork: the Kia Manu https://kaiwakiloumoku.ksbe.edu/article/videos-hawaiian-featherwork-the-kia-manu
- Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project: Cultural Significance of Native Forestbirds – https://www.mauiforestbirds.org/cultural-significance/
No ka moʻolelo no Pākaʻa a me Kūapākaʻa
Nīnau Hoihoi:
- Pehea e aʻo mai ai ʻo Moke Kuaaea Nakuina i ka moʻolelo o Pākaʻa i haʻi hou ʻo ia i ia moʻolelo?-
- ʻO wai ʻo Emma Nakuina?
- Pehea a no ke aha i loli ai ke ʻano o ka hoʻoili ʻike ʻana a ka Hawaiʻi mai ke aʻo ʻōlelo waha a i ke aʻo ma ke kākau i ke kenekulia 19?
- Hawaiian Oral History – https://scholarspace.manoa.hawaii.edu/
- Nūpepa ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi – https://www.amdigital.co.uk/insights/blog/hawaiian-language-newspapers
- Nā ʻIke Kahu Nūpepa no ke kuanaʻike Hawaiʻi – https://kawaiola.news/moomeheu/moolelo/nupepa-preserve-information-hawaiian-worldview/
- ʻO wai hou aku ka poʻe i kākau i ka moʻolelo o Pākaʻa? A he ke ʻano i hoʻopuka ʻia ai?
- E nānā ma lalo (“No Nā Moʻolelo no Pākaʻa a me Kūapākaʻa”), a i ʻole e nānā ma Papakilo Database (https://papakilodatabase.com/) to search the following terms:
- Pākaʻa
- Laʻamaomao
- E nānā ma lalo (“No Nā Moʻolelo no Pākaʻa a me Kūapākaʻa”), a i ʻole e nānā ma Papakilo Database (https://papakilodatabase.com/) to search the following terms:
ʻŌlelo Hawaiʻi / ʻŌlelo Pelekānia
Nīnau Hoihoi:
- Pehea ʻo Moke Kuaea Nakuina e aʻo ai i ka moʻolelo Pākaʻa i mea e hiki ai iā ia ke haʻi hou aku? https://www.ulukau.org/ulukau-books/?a=d&d=EBOOK-WINDGOURD
- ʻO wai hou aʻe nā mea kākau i ka moʻolelo o Pākaʻa? https://www.papakilodatabase.com
- E huli iā
- Pākaʻa
- Laʻamamao
- Nakuina
- E huli iā
- He aha nā ʻano hoʻopuka like ʻole o ka moʻolelo o Pākaʻa?
- E huli iā
- Pākaʻa
- Laʻamamao
- Nakuina
- E huli iā
- ʻO wai ʻo Emma Nakuina? https://ulukau.org/
- Emma Metcalf Beckley Nakuina
- Moʻolelo > Nūpepa?
ʻŌlelo noʻeau
(No ka hoʻolauna ʻana i nā ʻōlelo noʻeau ma Pākaʻa Lanakila!, e kele aku i ka palapala kumu haʻawina no Pākaʻa ma Mele Kīpoli Hawaiʻi: https://www.chambermusichawaii.org/education/pakaa-lanakila/)
Amazing Concordance no nā ʻōlelo noʻeau a me nā mea ʻē aʻe – https://trussel2.com/
ʻŌlelo makuahine
Samuel M. Kamakau
He Moolelo no Pakaa
Paʻi ʻia ma ka nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Okoa (1869-1871)
Moses Kuaea Nākuina
Moolelo Hawaii o Pakaa a me Ku-a-Pakaa, na Kahu Iwikuamoo o Keawenuiaumi, ke Alii o Hawaii, a o na Moopuna hoi a Laamaomao
- C. Advertiser Co. Honolulu, 1902
Joseph Hoʻonaʻauao Kānepuʻu
He Moolelo no Pakaa
Paʻi ʻia ma nā nūpepa ʻo Ke Au Okoa (1867) a ʻo Home Rula Republika (1902)
Solomona Kawailiʻulā Kuapuʻu
He wahi moʻolelo
Paʻi ʻia ma ka nūpepa ʻo Ka Hae Hawaii (1861)
Nā mana ʻōlelo Pelekānia
Moʻokini, Esther a me Sarah Nākoa, nā mea unuhi. The Wind Gourd of Laʻamaomao, na Moses Kuaaea Nākuina (1902). Paʻi ʻia ma Kalamakū Press, 2005; CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2016
He Hōʻike no ka Moʻolelo 2005 Wind Gourd of Laʻamaomao na A. Schweitzer – https://www2.hawaii.edu/~dennisk/texts/schweizerwindgourd.html
Abraham Fornander
Fornander Collection of Hawaiian Antiquities and Folk-Lore, Vol. 5 (1918-1919).
Paʻi ʻia ma Bishop Museum Press (1916, 1920).
William Hyde Rice
Hawaiian Legends (1923).
Moʻolelo pōkole: ʻO Rice, he paniolo a he luna kānāwai ʻo ia i hānau ʻia ma Kauaʻi, ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia he mana moʻolelo pōkole akā he mana maiau piha no Pākaʻa a me Laʻamaomao ma a ʻōlelo Pelekānia e kālele ana no ko Pākaʻa ʻāina ma Kapaʻa, Kauaʻi.
(Moʻolelo pōkole: Ma mua o ka paʻi ʻia a hoʻolaha ʻia o ia mau puke, ua paʻi ʻia kekahi mau mana moʻolelo pōkole, nā moʻolelo hōʻuluʻulu, a me nā unuhi mele makani ma nā ʻano puke moʻomanaʻo a me nā puke moʻolelo kahiko na ka Mōʻī Kawika Kalākaua a me Thomas Thrum ma nā 1800 a me ka hoʻomaka o nā 1900.)
- Frederick B. Wichman
He paʻa moʻolelo a he mea haʻi moʻolelo ʻo Frederick B. Wichman ma Kauaʻi. Ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo ia i kekahi mau paukū moʻolelo kūloko ma Kauaʻi ma nā 1900 a me nā 2000 no ka moʻolelo o Laʻamaomao a me Pākaʻa:
- Kauai Tales (1985 / 1996)
- Polihale and Other Kauaʻi Legends (1990)
- Kauai: Ancient Place-Names and Their Stories (1998)
- Pele Mā: Legends of Pele from Kauaʻi (2001)
Ma kahi o ka haʻi ʻana i ka moʻolelo pae ʻāina, ua kālele ʻo Wichman ma nā moʻolelo haʻi waha o nā inoa ʻāina o Kauaʻi, nā moʻolelo o nā makani o Kauaʻi, a me ka moʻokūʻauhau o Kūnuʻuanu.
Pili Helu
Nīnau Hoihoi:
- Pehea e helu ai ma ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi? https://youtu.be/vsCZ9IRCqaM?si=8vZSNOu8CUONa5P9
- No ke aha e helu ai nā lawaiʻa i nā iʻa ma nā “kāuna”?
- Ka ʻoihana helu Hawaiʻi
https://pressbooks.oer.hawaii.edu/mathforelementaryteachers/chapter/number-systems/
Mele
Nīnau Hoihoi:
- He aha ia mea he mele kīpoli? He aha ka ʻokoʻa o ia ʻano mai nā mele pāna a ʻōkeka?
- He pūʻulu liʻilii (10 a emi mai nā mea kani) ke ʻano o ka hui mele kīpoli me ka hoʻokahi wale nō mea hoʻokani o ka hui mea kani a ʻaʻohe alakaʻi. ʻO nā hui ʻaha mele nui—ʻo ka pāna a me ka simiponi—he nui nā mea hoʻokani o ka hui mea kani a he alakaʻi ko ia mau hui nui.
- Ma hea e lohe ʻia ai nā mele kīpoli, pāna, a ʻōkeka paha?
- ʻŌkeka:
- Hawaiʻi Symphony Orchestra – https://www.https://www.myhso.org/
- Hawaiʻi Youth Symphony – Hiyouthsymphony.org
- Maui Youth Philharmonic Orchestra – https://www.mauiyouthphilharmonic.org/
- Kamuela Philharmonic – https://kamuelaphil.org/
- Pāna:
- Pāna Aliʻi o Hawaiʻi – https://www.rhb-music.com/
- The Nāulu Winds of University of Hawaiʻi – West Oʻahu – https://westoahu.hawaii.edu/music/university-band/
- Nā Pāna no ke Kula Nui o Hawaiʻi – https://manoa.hawaii.edu/music/about-us/ensembles/bands/
- Mele Kīpoli
- Mele Kīpoli Hawaiʻi – chambermusichawaii.org/
- ʻŌkeka:
- Pehea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka Pāna Aliʻi o Hawaiʻi?
- The Royal Hawaiian Band was created in 1836 by Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) as the “King’s Band.”
- Ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka Pāna Aliʻi o Hawaiʻi ma ka makahiki 1836 na Kamehameha III (Kauikeaouli) ʻo ia hoʻi ka “Pāna Aliʻi.”
- Pehea i hoʻokumu ʻia ai ka Simiponi Hawaiʻi?
- Ua hoʻokumu mua ʻia ka ʻŌkeka Simiponi Hawaiʻi ma Honolulu ʻo ia ka Hawaiʻi Symphony Society ma 1902. (Dale E. Hall, Honolulu Symphony: A Century of Music. Honolulu, HI: Goodale Publishing, 2002.
Henry Berger a me ka Pāna Aliʻi o Hawaiʻi the Pāna Aliʻi o Hawaiʻi
- Ka ʻOhina Mele a Berger
- “Bandmaster Henry Berger and the Royal Hawaiian Band” na David Bandy: He palapala moʻomanaʻo he 32 ʻaoʻao i paʻi ʻia ma ka Hawaiian Journal of History (Pukana 24).
Nā Hua ʻŌlelo no ka ʻŌkeka a me ka Pāna
Nīnau Hoihoi:
- No hea mai nā hua ʻōlelo mele haole?
- Pehea e unuhi ʻia ai nā hua ʻōlelo haole i ka ʻōlelo Hawaiʻi?
***Eia kekahi ʻatikala hoihoi – interesting account of Loan Words in Hawaiian)
- Simiponi ->
- Hua ʻōlelo Helene ʻo symphōnía – ʻo ka lōkahi ʻana o nā kani ke kumu manaʻo. He ʻelua hua manaʻo ko ia hua ʻōlelo:
- Syn- = “lōkahi”
- phōnē = “leo” a i ʻole “kani”
- Hua ʻōlelo Helene ʻo symphōnía – ʻo ka lōkahi ʻana o nā kani ke kumu manaʻo. He ʻelua hua manaʻo ko ia hua ʻōlelo:
- ʻŌkeka – >
- He hua ʻōlelo Helene ʻo orkheisthai, ʻo ia hoʻi ka “ka hula ʻana”. He kahua poepoe a pālahalaha ia i mua o ka ʻāwai kahi i “hula” ai a hīmeni ai hoʻi nā ʻōlapa Helene.
- Hoʻonui Leo (crescendo)
- No loko mai nō ia o ka hua ʻōlelo ʻĪkālia ʻo crescendo, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo ka “hoʻonui ʻana”. He kiʻa kēia hua ʻōlelo ʻĪkālia no “crescere”, aia hoʻi kona hua ʻōlelo kupuna ma ka ʻōlelo Lākina ʻo Crēscere (ʻo ka “hoʻoulu” a i ʻole ka “puka” ʻana).
- Leo Nui
- No loko mai nō ia o ka hua ʻōlelo ʻo forte, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “ikaika” or “leo nui”. Aia kona ʻōlelo kupuna ma ka ʻōlelo Lākina ʻo fortis ( “ikaika,” a i ʻole “manaʻo koa”)
- Piano
- No loko mai nō ia o ka hua ʻōlelo ʻĪkālia ʻo piano (“leo iki”). Aia kona ʻōlelo kupuna ma ka ʻōlelo Lākina ʻo planus, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo “pālahalaha a i ʻole “laumania”.
- ʻEa (melokia)
- No ka hua ʻōlelo Palani kahiko ʻo melodie, no ka ʻōlelo Lākina melodia, no loko mai hoʻi o ka ʻōlelo Helene μελῳδίᾱ (melōidíā, “hīmeni, oli”). No loko mai hoʻi o nā hua manaʻo Helene: μέλος (mélos, “māmala mele”) + ἀοιδή (aoidḗ, “mele”), ʻo kona ʻano hupua ʻo ᾠδή (ōidḗ).
- Leo Kūlauna (Harmony)
- No loko mai nō ia hua ʻōlelo o ka ʻōlelo Palani kahiko ʻo harmonie (ʻo armonie ka pela kahiko), no loko mai o ka ʻōlelo Lākina ʻo harmonia, no loko mai nō hoʻi o ka hua ʻōlelo Helene ʻo harmonia (ua hoʻohana nā kānaka akeakamai Helene ʻo Heraclitus a me nā Pythagoreans no ke “kuʻikahi,” “pilina kau like” a me ka “lōkahi”. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka wehewehe ʻana i nā ʻano mea like ʻole ʻo ke aupuni maiau kekahi, ʻo ka hoʻokī kūpono ʻana o ka pila, a no ka makemakika hoʻi kekahi).
- Papana (rhythm)
- No loko mai nō ia o ka ʻōlelo Lākina ʻo rhythmus. A no loko mai nō hoʻi ia o ka ʻōlelo Helene ʻo rhythmos, ʻo ia hoʻi ka “ke ana ʻana i ke au ʻana a i ʻole ke ana ʻana i ka ʻoni ʻana” a i ʻole hoʻi “ke kau like”.
- Pana (beat)
- No loko mai nō ia o ka ʻōlelo Pelekānia kahiko ʻo beatan, o ia hoʻi ke “kā ʻana, ka hili ʻana, a i ʻole ka hahau ʻana.”
Nā Kumu Waiwai:
- No ka heluhelu ʻana i nā hua mele.