Union Density in the U.S.: 2023

Union Density by State, 2023 Union Members Summary (Bureau of Labor Statistics) BLS estimates for 2022 and 2023, alphabetical by state
State Union Members Represented by Unions
Total (K) Percent Total (K) Percent
Hawaiʻi 138 24.1 147 25.6
New York 1,711 20.8 1,787 21.5
Washington 576 16.5 632 18.1
New Jersey 679 16.1 729 17.3
California 2,514 15.4 2,769 16.9
Connecticut 255 15.9 272 16.9
Vermont 43 14.3 46 15.4
Alaska 45 14.8 47 15.2
Oregon 255 14.1 270 15.0
Nevada * 171 12.4 201 14.5
Pennsylvania 749 12.9 822 14.2
Michigan * 564 12.8 623 14.1
Minnesota 356 13.3 378 14.1
Illinois 708 12.8 755 13.6
Massachusetts 412 12.6 443 13.6
Ohio 641 12.5 691 13.5
Rhode Island 62 12.3 67 13.2
Montana 56 11.8 61 13.0
Maryland 302 10.7 362 12.8
U.S. Average 14,419 10.0 16,194 11.2
Kentucky * 152 8.8 194 11.3
New Hampshire 62 9.3 73 10.9
Maine 52 9.2 61 10.8
Kansas * 120 8.9 144 10.6
District of Columbia 32 9.1 36 10.4
Missouri * 255 9.3 286 10.4
Delaware 38 8.8 44 10.1
West Virginia * 60 8.7 70 10.1
Mississippi * 75 7.0 106 9.8
Nebraska * 68 7.3 88 9.4
Indiana * 245 8.0 278 9.1
New Mexico 60 7.5 73 9.1
Iowa * 107 7.2 131 8.8
Alabama * 156 7.5 180 8.6
Colorado 189 6.9 235 8.6
Utah * 65 4.1 134 8.4
Wisconsin * 205 7.4 232 8.4
Oklahoma * 115 6.8 132 7.7
North Dakota * 22 6.2 27 7.5
Tennessee * 178 6.0 205 6.9
Wyoming * 14 5.6 17 6.6
Florida * 442 4.7 578 6.6
Arkansas * 62 5.1 71 5.8
Virginia * 176 4.3 226 5.6
Idaho * 37 4.5 44 5.5
Georgia * 211 4.6 250 5.4
Texas * 586 4.5 701 5.4
Louisiana * 76 4.3 91 5.2
Arizona * 133 4.2 152 4.8
South Dakota * 15 3.6 18 4.2
North Carolina * 125 2.7 152 3.3
South Carolina * 49 2.3 63 3.0

* Right-to-Work State

Union Members Summary by Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)

BLS estimates for the 2022 and 2023 – alpha by state

        Union Members   Represented by Unions
State total K percent total K percent
Union Members Summary by Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)BLS estimates for the 2022 and 2023 – alpha by state
Hawaiʻi 138 24.1 147 25.6
New York 1,711 20.8 1,787 21.5
Washington 576 16.5 632 18.1
New Jersey 679 16.1 729 17.3
California 2,514 15.4 2,769 16.9
Connecticut 255 15.9 272 16.9
Vermont 43 14.3 46 15.4
Alaska 45 14.8 47 15.2
Oregon 255 14.1 270 15.0
Nevada* 171 12.4 201 14.5
Pennsylvania 749 12.9 822 14.2
Michigan* 564 12.8 623 14.1
Minnesota 356 13.3 378 14.1
Illinois 708 12.8 755 13.6
Massachusetts 412 12.6 443 13.6
Ohio 641 12.5 691 13.5
Rhode Island 62 12.3 67 13.2
Montana 56 11.8 61 13.0
Maryland 302 10.7 362 12.8
U.S. Average    14,419    10.0   16,194    11.2
Kentucky* 152 8.8 194 11.3
New Hampshire 62 9.3 73 10.9
Maine 52 9.2 61 10.8
Kansas* 120 8.9 144 10.6
District of Columbia 32 9.1 36 10.4
Missouri* 255 9.3 286 10.4
Delaware 38 8.8 44 10.1
West Virginia* 60 8.7 70 10.1
Mississippi* 75 7.0 106 9.8
Nebraska* 68 7.3 88 9.4
Indiana* 245 8.0 278 9.1
New Mexico 60 7.5 73 9.1
Iowa* 107 7.2 131 8.8
Alabama* 156 7.5 180 8.6
Colorado 189 6.9 235 8.6
Utah* 65 4.1 134 8.4
Wisconsin* 205 7.4 232 8.4
Oklahoma* 115 6.8 132 7.7
North Dakota* 22 6.2 27 7.5
Tennessee* 178 6.0 205 6.9
Wyoming* 14 5.6 17 6.6
Florida* 442 4.7 578 6.6
Arkansas* 62 5.1 71 5.8
Virginia* 176 4.3 226 5.6
Idaho* 37 4.5 44 5.5
Georgia* 211 4.6 250 5.4
Texas* 586 4.5 701 5.4
Louisiana* 76 4.3 91 5.2
Arizona* 133 4.2 152 4.8
South Dakota* 15 3.6 18 4.2
North Carolina* 125 2.7 152 3.3
South Carolina* 49 2.3 63 3.0
* Right-to-Work States
  Previous year estimates as posted: